Evidence comparison
How they actually compare on the evidence — trial volume, literature, mechanism, and our honest confidence grade. Higher counts reflect research attention, not proof of superiority.
Eastern · Practitioner Supply
小檗碱 · 黄连素
Extensive human-trial evidence
Key active: Berberine (isoquinoline alkaloid)
Human RCTs (metabolic syndrome, NAFLD); mechanistic longevity rationale
Berberine activates AMPK — the same energy-sensing pathway as metformin — and is studied for SIRT1 activation and autophagy, with human RCTs on glucose, lipids and metabolic syndrome.
Full Berberine evidence →Western · Metabolite
Extensive human-trial evidence
Key active: Alpha-ketoglutarate — TCA cycle metabolite & mTOR suppressor
Promising early human RCT (epigenetic age); strong preclinical
AKG is a co-substrate for TET enzymes (DNA demethylation) and an mTOR suppressor. A 2023 RCT by Rejuvant found a median 5.1-year reduction in biological (epigenetic) age over 7 months in older adults. Animal studies show lifespan extension in flies and worms.
Full Alpha-Ketoglutarate (AKG) evidence →Need this for a decision?
We build evidence-graded comparisons for formulators, brands, clinics, and investors.
Informational only — not medical advice or a recommendation to take either. Trial and literature counts are registry/database matches and include endpoints beyond longevity. See each ingredient page for sources.