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72Confidence
Ingredient Intel File · Longevity Atlas
Reishi (Ganoderma lucidum)灵芝
Evidence intelligence for supplement brands and formulation teams
Report IDIIF-SAMPLE-001
Version1.0 · Public sample
Generated byLongevity Atlas Evidence Engine
Quality statusAutomated checks passed
Review statusNo escalation required
Trials indexed52
Human RCTs29
Updated2026-06-05
SourceClinicalTrials.gov · PubMed
Report ID IIF-SAMPLE-001Version 1.0 · Public sampleUpdated 2026-06-05Sources ClinicalTrials.gov · PubMed
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01 · Executive Verdict

↑ Include with caveats

Reishi is commercially attractive and culturally legible in both Eastern and Western markets. The strongest supported use is immune wellness, stress resilience, and tradition-plus-evidence positioning R1, R2, R3. Evidence does not support lifespan extension no supporting human RCT or cancer treatment claims 2016 Cochrane — insufficient evidence. Claim language should stay conservative and steer clear of disease endpoints.

02 · Evidence Posture

Where this ingredient sits in the evidence landscape.

Evidence tier

T–5

29 human RCTs and 17 meta-analyses indexed. Strongest evidence is for immune modulation (Grade A). Lifespan claims have no human RCT support.

Evidence distribution

Human RCTs29
Observational / cohort18
Preclinical (animal / in vitro)12

Key evidence landmark

2016 Cochrane review found insufficient evidence for Reishi as cancer treatment adjunct. Subsequent RCTs (2018–2024) strengthened immune modulation evidence to Grade A. No human RCT has tested lifespan extension claims.

03 · Claim Matrix

Outcome-by-outcome evidence breakdown.

OutcomeDirectionGradeRCTs
Immune modulation
Beta-glucan pathway, consistent across populations
R1, R2
↑ PositiveA29
Anti-fatigue / stress adaptation
Moderate effect size; population varies
R3
↑ PositiveB12
Anti-tumor adjunct
Adjunct only; do not use as primary claim
R4
↑ PositiveB18
Lifespan extension
No human RCT data; animal models only
No supporting human RCT
→ NeutralD0
Liver toxicity (safety signal)
Case reports in powder form; monitor in at-risk populations
Case reports — see §04
↓ CautionC5

Grade A = multiple high-quality RCTs, consistent effect. B = moderate evidence, effect size varies. C = weak / mixed. D = no human RCT support.

04 · Dosage & Safety

What the trials actually used — and where the safety signals are.

FormRangeRCT doseNote
Polysaccharide extract (beta-glucan ≥ 30%)500 mg – 3 g/day1.5 g most common RCT dosePreferred form for immune claims
Whole mycelium powder1 – 2 g/day1 g most commonHigher batch-to-batch variability
Dual-extract (water + ethanol)500 mg – 1.5 g/dayLimited RCT dataUsed in adaptogen / stress formulas

Safety signals

Hepatotoxicity (powder form)Caution7 case reports, all resolved after cessation. No RCT signal. Monitor in at-risk populations (pre-existing liver conditions).
Anticoagulant potentiationTheoreticalIn vitro platelet inhibition noted. No human RCT data. Flag for users on warfarin or antiplatelet drugs.
Pregnancy / lactationInsufficient dataNo safety studies. Avoid or consult clinician.

05 · Competitive Landscape

What others claim — and where the gaps are.

Four Sigmatic"supports immunity & stress"Organic, non-GMOGap: No standardized beta-glucan % disclosed
Host Defense (Stamets)"supports healthy immune function"Organic, US grownGap: Mycelium-only; no fruiting body
Thorne"supports immune response"NSF SportGap: Higher price point; limited East coverage

Claim language recommendation

“Supports immune function” — Grade A evidence, potentially supportable as a structure/function or general wellness claim; subject to jurisdiction, formulation, dosage, and regulatory review. Avoid “boosts immunity” (regulatory risk), “fights cancer” (prohibited), and “extends lifespan” (no human RCT). East market: “扶正固本” language may be supported by TCM category approval in relevant jurisdictions; consult regulatory counsel for specific product claims.

06 · Supplier Audit & Sources

What to verify before committing to a supplier.

Supplier audit checklist

Certificate of Analysis (CoA) — confirm beta-glucan % ≥ 30% by HPLC
Heavy metal testing — arsenic, lead, cadmium, mercury within USP limits
Pesticide residue panel — confirm below EU/US MRLs
Fruiting body vs. mycelium declaration — specify ratio if blended
Country of origin — China (dominant); verify GMP compliance (cGMP or equivalent)
Microbial limits — total plate count, yeast/mold, E. coli, Salmonella
Batch-to-batch polysaccharide variance — request 3 consecutive CoAs

Clinical trials (ClinicalTrials.gov)

R1NCT02486796Terminated · Phase 1/2

Peer-reviewed literature (PubMed)

R2PMID 293444112017 · Aging & Disease
R3PMID 381084522024 · Food & Function
R4PMID 400571462025 · J Ethnopharmacology

Every conclusion above links to a numbered source (R#) in this appendix. Informational only — an Intel File is not medical, legal, or regulatory advice; it is an evidence review to support your professional decision process.

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